Developmental education and ESL students are less likely to earn a certificate or degree or transfer to a four-year institution. This report identifies three distinct types of basic skills students—recent high school graduates, returning adults earning a certificate or degree, and older adults with significant basic skills needs. For each group of basic skills students, researchers examine student success outcomes as well as course-taking patterns and demographic factors that affect student success. The research points to specific student support services that can enhance the success of basic skills students.